Saudi Pipeline Outage Threatens 4% of Global Oil Supply

Attacks on Saudi Arabia's 1,200-kilometer East-West Pipeline, known as Petroline, have knocked out a route capable of moving 7 million barrels per day to the Red Sea, removing a critical alternative now that Hormuz transit is effectively closed.

Analysts estimate the pipeline alone supplied roughly 4% of global oil needs, or 4 million tons daily, mostly destined for Asian buyers, and its outage is now rippling into European fuel markets as well.

Kazakhstan, often floated as a swing producer, lacks the export infrastructure to offset the shortfall, leaving the market with few near-term substitutes as Brent holds above $100 per barrel.